Laz, I agree. Not just the set back, but the size and shape as well. All they do is make the air swirl and bring the high speed free stream air down into the slowed boundary layer next to the skin. It's not rocket science...well, maybe it is... Anyway, if you have ever seen the pictures of them, that swirl goes a long way downstream. Think "wingtip vortices".
I did some looking in Hoerner. He gives the size, shape, and angle they should be but doesn't say much about placement. They use them for a lot of things, usually not for the stall like we want them for. So, other than there being some abstract perfect place for one to be, I don't think it matters that much where it is. One place may be best, but like Horse Shoes, it doesn't have to be perfect, it just needs to work. Otherwise there wouldn't be such variation.
Most of the VG's you see are shorter than Hoerner and NACA suggests, too. My guess is because we don't like them that big and we go buy the smaller, prettier ones. So, now the smaller ones are better.
That's what I think, but I'll keep looking.